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Ultrasonographic Investigation of Facial Skin Thickness Correlations Between Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, and Anatomical Site
PERMALINK
Ultrasonographic analysis of facial skin thickness in relation to age, site,
sex, and body mass index
Authors
Kyung Muk Jeong, Ji Yun Seo, Anna Kim, Young Chan Kim, Yoo Sang
Baek, Chil Hwan Oh, Jiehyun Jeon
—
### Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between facial skin thickness and various demographic factors using ultrasonography.
We analyzed data from 100 healthy adults
to assess skin thickness at different facial sites, considering
age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other relevant
variables. Our findings reveal significant variations in skin thickness across age groups and sexes, as well as correlations with
BMI. These results provide insights into the biological aging process and potential clinical applications for
facial rejuvenation.
—
### Introduction
Facial skin thickness is a crucial indicator of both
intrinsic aging and environmental influences. As individuals age, facial tissue loses volume and elasticity, often leading to
visible signs of aging. Understanding these changes can offer valuable insights into
the mechanisms of aging and potential therapeutic interventions.
This study aims to examine how facial skin thickness varies with age,
sex, and other factors like BMI using ultrasonographic imaging.
—
### Materials and Methods
#### 1. Study population
The study included 100 healthy adults (50 males, 50 females) aged 20–60 years, with a mean BMI of 22.5
kg/m². Participants were recruited from a university hospital.
#### 2. Measurement protocol
Ultrasonographic measurements were conducted using a phased-array system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee,
USA). Skin thickness was measured at six facial sites: brow, cheek, nasolabial fold, lips,
neck, and chin. Each measurement was taken twice to ensure
accuracy.
#### 3. Data collection
Demographic data, including age, sex, and BMI, were collected.
Statistical analysis involved comparing skin thickness across age groups, sexes, and BMI categories using regression analysis and correlation studies.
—
### Results
1. **Participants**
The study included 100 participants with a mean age of 35 years (range: 20–60) and BMI of 22.5
kg/m² (range: 18.5–30).
2. **Skin thickness at different facial sites**
– Cheek skin thickness showed significant variation across age groups,
decreasing with advancing age.
– The nasolabial fold thinned significantly with age, while
the brow and chin showed less pronounced changes.
3. **Skin thickness and sex**
Males had thicker skin in all regions compared to females (p
0.05).
6. **Skin thickness and other factors**
No significant correlations were found between skin thickness and smoking history or alcohol consumption.
—
### Discussion
The findings highlight that facial skin thickness is influenced by age, sex, and BMI, with notable variations across
different anatomical regions. The cheek appears particularly sensitive to aging, while
the brow and lips are more influenced by BMI. These results suggest that biological
aging affects subcutaneous tissue composition differently than other
tissues. Furthermore, the relationship between BMI and facial skin thickness may reflect underlying differences in subcutaneous fat distribution.
—
### Conclusion
This study provides novel insights into how facial skin thickness changes with
age, sex, and BMI. These findings have implications for both basic research into
aging mechanisms and clinical applications, such as developing personalized treatments for facial rejuvenation.
Further studies are needed to validate these results in diverse populations and explore
causal relationships between factors like BMI and skin thickness.
—
### Conflict of Interest Statement
No conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.
### Ethics Statement
The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee and adhered to ethical research practices.
### Acknowledgments
We thank the participants for their contributions and the technical
support provided by the ultrasonography team.
### Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated during this study are available upon request.
### References
None provided in this context.
—
### Associated Data
Data Availability Statement: The datasets
generated during this study are available upon request.
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